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'''One of the detention camps of Iranian prisoners in Iraq.''' | '''One of the detention camps of Iranian prisoners in Iraq.''' | ||
== Introduction == | |||
Ramadi 2 or Camp 7 is one of the best-known camps in Iraq. The reason for the popularity of this camp was the propaganda maneuver and how Iraqis could take political advantages of the very young captives present in this | Ramadi 2 or Camp 7 is one of the best-known camps in Iraq. The reason for the popularity of this camp was the propaganda maneuver and how Iraqis could take political advantages of the very young captives present in this camp. | ||
This camp was one of the most loyal ones to the Islamic Revolution. The first group of people in this camp were some of the prisoners of the preliminary Wal-Fajr , Fath –ol--Mobin and Beit-ol-Moghaddas operations. In 1984, about 400 prisoners of the Kheybar operation, who were the Islamic militia fighters, were transferred to this camp. After that, on June 22<sup>nd</sup> 1986, with the transfer of the prisoners of the Badr operation, who were mostly guards and members of the Islamic militia, a harmoniously religious atmosphere came over the camp. The prisoners of the two Ghates of this camp decided that by going to the Holy Shrines which was instigated by Sadam, they would enable the enemy to take advantage of them in terms of political propaganda, and thus refused to do that. In response to this action, the Baathists did not sit by and in order to disrupt the organization and coordination of the prisoners, they transferred 50 of captives to camp 6 and more than 100 people to Ramadi camp 13; This transfer, due to the high experience of the transferred prisoners, became the source of good events in these camps, especially in camps 6 and 13 <ref name=":0">Khob Nejad, Fariborz (2018). interview . Tehran: 12 Azar</ref>. | This camp was one of the most loyal ones to the Islamic Revolution. The first group of people in this camp were some of the prisoners of the preliminary Wal-Fajr , Fath –ol--Mobin and Beit-ol-Moghaddas operations. In 1984, about 400 prisoners of the Kheybar operation, who were the Islamic militia fighters, were transferred to this camp. After that, on June 22<sup>nd</sup> 1986, with the transfer of the prisoners of the Badr operation, who were mostly guards and members of the Islamic militia, a harmoniously religious atmosphere came over the camp. The prisoners of the two Ghates of this camp decided that by going to the Holy Shrines which was instigated by Sadam, they would enable the enemy to take advantage of them in terms of political propaganda, and thus refused to do that. In response to this action, the Baathists did not sit by and in order to disrupt the organization and coordination of the prisoners, they transferred 50 of captives to camp 6 and more than 100 people to [[Ramadi camp 13]]; This transfer, due to the high experience of the transferred prisoners, became the source of good events in these camps, especially in camps 6 and 13 <ref name=":0">Khob Nejad, Fariborz (2018). interview . Tehran: 12 Azar</ref>. | ||
== Geographical and architectural characteristics == | |||
Ramadi camp 2 was set up in the spring of 1983. When the prisoners arrived, the 1st and 2nd Ghates were already built, and the Iraqis were building the 3rd and 4th Ghates. The camp did not have a kitchen and food was brought from Anbar camp. After some time, a kitchen was built between Ghates 3 and 4 in the yard. About 400 juvenile prisoners of the Kheybar operation were transferred to the 2nd Ghate of this camp. In April 1986, most of the prisoners of camp 9 were transferred to the Ghates 2 and 4 of this camp. The commander headquarters of Ramadi camps was in the building facing Ramadi 2. | Ramadi camp 2 was set up in the spring of 1983. When the prisoners arrived, the 1st and 2nd Ghates were already built, and the Iraqis were building the 3rd and 4th Ghates. The camp did not have a kitchen and food was brought from [[Anbar camp]]. After some time, a kitchen was built between Ghates 3 and 4 in the yard. About 400 juvenile prisoners of the Kheybar operation were transferred to the 2nd Ghate of this camp. In April 1986, most of the prisoners of camp 9 were transferred to the Ghates 2 and 4 of this camp. The commander headquarters of Ramadi camps was in the building facing Ramadi 2. | ||
This camp had four Ghates or blocs. Each bloc had eight sanatoriums with dimensions of nearly 15 x 5 meters, and the dimensions of its courtyard were nearly 70 x 40 meters. A ring of barbed wire with a width of nearly 20 meters and a height of 2 meters surrounded all the four blocs. Each bloc had nine toilets and a public bathroom approximately 3 x 4 meters with a maximum of 4 showers. The buildings had two floors and each floor had four sanatoriums. One of the problems of the camp was that it was exposed to sand and dust storms that sometimes penetrated through the windows, and the windows had to be covered with blankets or sheets. Ramadi 2 was shut down in 1990. The prisoners of this camp were registered by the Red Cross. | This camp had four Ghates or blocs. Each bloc had eight sanatoriums with dimensions of nearly 15 x 5 meters, and the dimensions of its courtyard were nearly 70 x 40 meters. A ring of barbed wire with a width of nearly 20 meters and a height of 2 meters surrounded all the four blocs. Each bloc had nine toilets and a public bathroom approximately 3 x 4 meters with a maximum of 4 showers. The buildings had two floors and each floor had four sanatoriums. One of the problems of the camp was that it was exposed to sand and dust storms that sometimes penetrated through the windows, and the windows had to be covered with blankets or sheets. Ramadi 2 was shut down in 1990. The prisoners of this camp were registered by the Red Cross. | ||
== Propaganda camp == | |||
Initially, the oldest people were supposed to be in that camp, but the Iraqi policy changed and they decided to transfer the teenage prisoners to this part for propaganda and political exploitation. Therefore, most of the prisoners of this camp, which was known as the children's camp among Iraqis, consisted of teen-agers. This issue overshadowed many things. The Iraqis believed as these captives were just at a tender age, they were more disposed to be brainwashed than others. <ref>Hassanzadeh, Mahmoud (1388). until the morning of liberation Tabriz: The Center for Preservation of the Works of the 31st Ashura Division, p.53.</ref> So they tried to attract Iranian teenage prisoners with various tricks and for this purpose, they put a variety of plans into effect. "Among the captives of the Kheybar operation, there was a large number of teenagers and young people between the ages of 16 and 19, and the Iraqis called them children. They separated the prisoners under the age of 20 and set up a camp for them which became known as Children's Camp. They registered about 400 captives as children laboring under the delusion that they could brainwash them. The Iraqis set up a classroom for them and brought a female teacher into the camp to teach them." <ref>Mebhuti, Ahmed (2009). Exile. the second volume: Payam Azadegan, pp. 70-71.</ref> The Baathists tried to show themselves as supporters of youth and supporters of [[education]] and science. | Initially, the oldest people were supposed to be in that camp, but the Iraqi policy changed and they decided to transfer the teenage prisoners to this part for propaganda and political exploitation. Therefore, most of the prisoners of this camp, which was known as the children's camp among Iraqis, consisted of teen-agers. This issue overshadowed many things. The Iraqis believed as these captives were just at a tender age, they were more disposed to be brainwashed than others. <ref>Hassanzadeh, Mahmoud (1388). until the morning of liberation Tabriz: The Center for Preservation of the Works of the 31st Ashura Division, p.53.</ref> So they tried to attract Iranian teenage prisoners with various tricks and for this purpose, they put a variety of plans into effect. "Among the captives of the Kheybar operation, there was a large number of teenagers and young people between the ages of 16 and 19, and the Iraqis called them children. They separated the prisoners under the age of 20 and set up a camp for them which became known as Children's Camp. They registered about 400 captives as children laboring under the delusion that they could brainwash them. The Iraqis set up a classroom for them and brought a female teacher into the camp to teach them." <ref>Mebhuti, Ahmed (2009). Exile. the second volume: Payam Azadegan, pp. 70-71.</ref> The Baathists tried to show themselves as supporters of youth and supporters of [[education]] and science. | ||
"One of the buildings in the camp was empty. With the help of the international organization UNICEF, the Iraqis brought equipment such as tables, chairs and blackboards and opened a school there, hoping that by attracting teen-aged captives there, they would create good publicity for themselves and its news would be reflected in the press. »<ref>Yousefzadeh, Ahmed (2014). Those twenty three people. 21<sup>st</sup> volume Tehran: Surah Mehr, p. 23.</ref> | "One of the buildings in the camp was empty. With the help of the international organization UNICEF, the Iraqis brought equipment such as tables, chairs and blackboards and opened a school there, hoping that by attracting teen-aged captives there, they would create good publicity for themselves and its news would be reflected in the press.»<ref>Yousefzadeh, Ahmed (2014). Those twenty three people. 21<sup>st</sup> volume Tehran: Surah Mehr, p. 23.</ref> | ||
But the Iraqis' plan had reverse effect. "The Iraqis later admitted that they had built the Ramadi camp 2 for prisoners under the age of 18 to do intellectual and ideological work on them, but it turned out the other way around and these 400- 500 captives took hold of the atmosphere of the camp. There, the lads didn't have pens and notebooks, and yet by going on a hunger strike they succeeded in obtaining them" <ref>Rajaei, Gholam Ali (2008). The culture of LCs. The third volume, the third chapter. Tehran: Surah Mehr and Islamic Propaganda Organization, p. 994.</ref>. The Iraqis wanted the prisoners of this camp to march for them, but the prisoners started a hunger strike to protest against the behavior of the soldiers and the parade training. After three days, the strike discontinued when the camp commander withdrew and canceled the parade plan and made some promises . Of course, after the strike, the Iraqis used the trick of sending spies and traitors amidst the captives to create discord and differences , but it did not work. "On the second or third day of the strike, ten people were brought to the camp. Wickedness and evil were written all over them. Among the ten people, Reza Zaghi gave a very treacherous interview to Iraqi [[radio]] and television, which was full of insults to Imam Khomeini and false praise of Saddam`s good manners."<ref>Sarmestani, Jamshid Ramadi 2 retrieval on March 3, 2015, <nowiki>http://pw.persianblog.ir</nowiki></ref> | But the Iraqis' plan had reverse effect. "The Iraqis later admitted that they had built the Ramadi camp 2 for prisoners under the age of 18 to do intellectual and ideological work on them, but it turned out the other way around and these 400- 500 captives took hold of the atmosphere of the camp. There, the lads didn't have pens and notebooks, and yet by going on a hunger strike they succeeded in obtaining them" <ref>Rajaei, Gholam Ali (2008). The culture of LCs. The third volume, the third chapter. Tehran: Surah Mehr and Islamic Propaganda Organization, p. 994.</ref>. The Iraqis wanted the prisoners of this camp to march for them, but the prisoners started a hunger strike to [[protest]] against the behavior of the soldiers and the parade training. After three days, the strike discontinued when the camp commander withdrew and canceled the parade plan and made some promises . Of course, after the strike, the Iraqis used the trick of sending spies and traitors amidst the captives to create discord and differences , but it did not work. "On the second or third day of the strike, ten people were brought to the camp. Wickedness and evil were written all over them. Among the ten people, Reza Zaghi gave a very treacherous interview to Iraqi [[radio]] and television, which was full of insults to Imam Khomeini and false praise of Saddam`s good manners."<ref>Sarmestani, Jamshid Ramadi 2 retrieval on March 3, 2015, <nowiki>http://pw.persianblog.ir</nowiki></ref> | ||
== Important events == | |||
1. In the middle of the | 1. In the middle of the camp, the prisoners trapped Rahim Iraqi, who was a very strict and ruthless soldier, and Ali Dorudgary, a captive from Ardebil, grazed his neck with a knife. This action made the Iraqis angry and the lads were punished for it. After that, all of sanatoriums were closed for a month, during which time the Iraqis kept beating the lads up <ref name=":0" />. | ||
2. In Ashura 1988, the Ba'athists subjected the prisoners of Bloc 2 to severe torture claiming that mourning for Imam Hossein was a crime; As soon as the representatives of the Red Cross visited the camp, the captives showed them their seriously injured bodies, and after that, the testimony of that physical violence was recorded as an official international document in the reports of the | 2. In Ashura 1988, the Ba'athists subjected the prisoners of Bloc 2 to severe torture claiming that mourning for Imam Hossein was a crime; As soon as the representatives of the Red Cross visited the camp, the captives showed them their seriously injured bodies, and after that, the testimony of that physical violence was recorded as an official international document in the reports of the Red Cross<ref name=":0" />. | ||
3. In 1988, when camp 6 was evacuated, 400 of the old prisoners were sent to the 4th Bloc of camp 7 and the rest were distributed among other camps. | 3. In 1988, when camp 6 was evacuated, 400 of the old prisoners were sent to the 4th Bloc of camp 7 and the rest were distributed among other camps. | ||
See also | == See also == | ||
* Adolescent and young prisoners | |||
== Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
== To read more == | == To read more == | ||
Khaji, Ali (1391). Description of the cage. Tehran: Payam Azadegan. | Khaji, Ali (1391). Description of the cage. Tehran: [https://www.mfpa.ir Payam Azadegan]. | ||
Natiq, Sasan (1385) Khalil( the prophet) in the fire,Diary of Karim Rajabzadeh. Tehran: Surah Mehr. | Natiq, Sasan (1385) Khalil( the prophet) in the fire,Diary of Karim Rajabzadeh. Tehran: Surah Mehr. | ||
Revision as of 08:10, 8 August 2025
One of the detention camps of Iranian prisoners in Iraq.
Introduction
Ramadi 2 or Camp 7 is one of the best-known camps in Iraq. The reason for the popularity of this camp was the propaganda maneuver and how Iraqis could take political advantages of the very young captives present in this camp.
This camp was one of the most loyal ones to the Islamic Revolution. The first group of people in this camp were some of the prisoners of the preliminary Wal-Fajr , Fath –ol--Mobin and Beit-ol-Moghaddas operations. In 1984, about 400 prisoners of the Kheybar operation, who were the Islamic militia fighters, were transferred to this camp. After that, on June 22nd 1986, with the transfer of the prisoners of the Badr operation, who were mostly guards and members of the Islamic militia, a harmoniously religious atmosphere came over the camp. The prisoners of the two Ghates of this camp decided that by going to the Holy Shrines which was instigated by Sadam, they would enable the enemy to take advantage of them in terms of political propaganda, and thus refused to do that. In response to this action, the Baathists did not sit by and in order to disrupt the organization and coordination of the prisoners, they transferred 50 of captives to camp 6 and more than 100 people to Ramadi camp 13; This transfer, due to the high experience of the transferred prisoners, became the source of good events in these camps, especially in camps 6 and 13 [1].
Geographical and architectural characteristics
Ramadi camp 2 was set up in the spring of 1983. When the prisoners arrived, the 1st and 2nd Ghates were already built, and the Iraqis were building the 3rd and 4th Ghates. The camp did not have a kitchen and food was brought from Anbar camp. After some time, a kitchen was built between Ghates 3 and 4 in the yard. About 400 juvenile prisoners of the Kheybar operation were transferred to the 2nd Ghate of this camp. In April 1986, most of the prisoners of camp 9 were transferred to the Ghates 2 and 4 of this camp. The commander headquarters of Ramadi camps was in the building facing Ramadi 2.
This camp had four Ghates or blocs. Each bloc had eight sanatoriums with dimensions of nearly 15 x 5 meters, and the dimensions of its courtyard were nearly 70 x 40 meters. A ring of barbed wire with a width of nearly 20 meters and a height of 2 meters surrounded all the four blocs. Each bloc had nine toilets and a public bathroom approximately 3 x 4 meters with a maximum of 4 showers. The buildings had two floors and each floor had four sanatoriums. One of the problems of the camp was that it was exposed to sand and dust storms that sometimes penetrated through the windows, and the windows had to be covered with blankets or sheets. Ramadi 2 was shut down in 1990. The prisoners of this camp were registered by the Red Cross.
Propaganda camp
Initially, the oldest people were supposed to be in that camp, but the Iraqi policy changed and they decided to transfer the teenage prisoners to this part for propaganda and political exploitation. Therefore, most of the prisoners of this camp, which was known as the children's camp among Iraqis, consisted of teen-agers. This issue overshadowed many things. The Iraqis believed as these captives were just at a tender age, they were more disposed to be brainwashed than others. [2] So they tried to attract Iranian teenage prisoners with various tricks and for this purpose, they put a variety of plans into effect. "Among the captives of the Kheybar operation, there was a large number of teenagers and young people between the ages of 16 and 19, and the Iraqis called them children. They separated the prisoners under the age of 20 and set up a camp for them which became known as Children's Camp. They registered about 400 captives as children laboring under the delusion that they could brainwash them. The Iraqis set up a classroom for them and brought a female teacher into the camp to teach them." [3] The Baathists tried to show themselves as supporters of youth and supporters of education and science.
"One of the buildings in the camp was empty. With the help of the international organization UNICEF, the Iraqis brought equipment such as tables, chairs and blackboards and opened a school there, hoping that by attracting teen-aged captives there, they would create good publicity for themselves and its news would be reflected in the press.»[4]
But the Iraqis' plan had reverse effect. "The Iraqis later admitted that they had built the Ramadi camp 2 for prisoners under the age of 18 to do intellectual and ideological work on them, but it turned out the other way around and these 400- 500 captives took hold of the atmosphere of the camp. There, the lads didn't have pens and notebooks, and yet by going on a hunger strike they succeeded in obtaining them" [5]. The Iraqis wanted the prisoners of this camp to march for them, but the prisoners started a hunger strike to protest against the behavior of the soldiers and the parade training. After three days, the strike discontinued when the camp commander withdrew and canceled the parade plan and made some promises . Of course, after the strike, the Iraqis used the trick of sending spies and traitors amidst the captives to create discord and differences , but it did not work. "On the second or third day of the strike, ten people were brought to the camp. Wickedness and evil were written all over them. Among the ten people, Reza Zaghi gave a very treacherous interview to Iraqi radio and television, which was full of insults to Imam Khomeini and false praise of Saddam`s good manners."[6]
Important events
1. In the middle of the camp, the prisoners trapped Rahim Iraqi, who was a very strict and ruthless soldier, and Ali Dorudgary, a captive from Ardebil, grazed his neck with a knife. This action made the Iraqis angry and the lads were punished for it. After that, all of sanatoriums were closed for a month, during which time the Iraqis kept beating the lads up [1].
2. In Ashura 1988, the Ba'athists subjected the prisoners of Bloc 2 to severe torture claiming that mourning for Imam Hossein was a crime; As soon as the representatives of the Red Cross visited the camp, the captives showed them their seriously injured bodies, and after that, the testimony of that physical violence was recorded as an official international document in the reports of the Red Cross[1].
3. In 1988, when camp 6 was evacuated, 400 of the old prisoners were sent to the 4th Bloc of camp 7 and the rest were distributed among other camps.
See also
- Adolescent and young prisoners
Bibliography
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Khob Nejad, Fariborz (2018). interview . Tehran: 12 Azar
- ↑ Hassanzadeh, Mahmoud (1388). until the morning of liberation Tabriz: The Center for Preservation of the Works of the 31st Ashura Division, p.53.
- ↑ Mebhuti, Ahmed (2009). Exile. the second volume: Payam Azadegan, pp. 70-71.
- ↑ Yousefzadeh, Ahmed (2014). Those twenty three people. 21st volume Tehran: Surah Mehr, p. 23.
- ↑ Rajaei, Gholam Ali (2008). The culture of LCs. The third volume, the third chapter. Tehran: Surah Mehr and Islamic Propaganda Organization, p. 994.
- ↑ Sarmestani, Jamshid Ramadi 2 retrieval on March 3, 2015, http://pw.persianblog.ir
To read more
Khaji, Ali (1391). Description of the cage. Tehran: Payam Azadegan.
Natiq, Sasan (1385) Khalil( the prophet) in the fire,Diary of Karim Rajabzadeh. Tehran: Surah Mehr.
Yousefzadeh, Ahmed (2007). Smile in the cage. second volume: Lashkar 41 Tharullah.
Davud Khodaiyee